Visa requirements for Australian citizens

Visa requirements for Australian passport holders are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Australia entering with an Australian passport.

As of 7 July 2020, Australian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 183 countries and territories, ranking the Australian passport 9th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Canada) according to the Henley Passport Index.

Besides visa requirements, most countries specify other requirements for the entry of Australian and other citizens into their country—for example, that a prospective entrant has no criminal history or health issues, or that there is evidence of sufficient funds or of a ticket for exit.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Australian passport holders

  Australia

  Freedom of Movement (Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement)

  Visa not required / ESTA / eTA

  Visa issued upon arrival

  Electronic authorization or online payment required / eVisa

  Both visa on arrival and eVisa available

  Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements

Each country has a multitude of visa types, each with its particular purpose and requirements. Rules for visits by ordinary passport holders are as follows:

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)	Reciprocity
Afghanistan	Visa required		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens to not visit Afghanistan.	√
Albania	Visa not required	90 days		X
Algeria	Visa required			√
Andorra	Visa not required			X
Angola	eVisa	30 days	Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested such pre-visa from the consulates of Angola abroad, are then issued with a visa on arrival at the country's border check points. For a maximum total stay of 90 days within a one year period. Besides having printed confirmation that a visa will be issued upon arrival, passengers must: have a return/onward ticket, and have a hotel reservation confirmation.	X
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required	1 month		X
Argentina	Visa not required	90 days		X
Armenia	Visa not required	180 days		X
Austria	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Azerbaijan	eVisa	30 days		X
Bahamas	Visa not required	3 months		X
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival	14 days		X
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival	30 days	Not available at all entry points.	X
Barbados	Visa not required	6 months		X
Belarus	Visa not required	30 days	Must arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport, and not to/from Russia.	X
Belgium	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. Additionally bilateral agreement permits 2 months on top of this.	√
Belize	Visa not required			X
Benin	eVisa / Visa on arrival	30 days / 8 days	Must have an international vaccination certificate.	X
Bhutan	Visa required		Visa approved via tour operators only.	√
Bolivia	Visa not required	90 days		X
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 6-month period	X
Botswana	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any year period	X
Brazil	Visa not required	90 days	Up to 90 days per visit, but no more than 180 days per year.	X
Brunei	Visa on arrival	30 days		X
Bulgaria	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Burkina Faso	Visa on arrival	1 month		X
Burundi	Visa required		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Burundi.	√
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival	30 days	Visa is also obtainable online.	X
Cameroon	Visa required			√
Canada	Visa not required	6 months	eTA required if arriving by air.	√
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival		Not available at all entry points.	X
Central African Republic	Visa required		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Central African Republic.	√
Chad	Visa required		Letter of invitation required.	√
Chile	eVisa	90 days		X
China	Visa required		24-hour visit without a visa when in transit through China (unless arriving in Fuzhou Changle International Airport, Huangshan Tunxi International Airport, Mudanjiang Hailang Airport, Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport and Yanji Chaoyangchuan Airport). 72-hour visit without a visa when in transit through Changsha, Guilin and Harbin. 144-hours visit without a visa when in transit through Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Jieyang, Kunming, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xiamen and Xi'an. Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan do count as third countries under the 24, 72 and 144-hours visa-free transit (TWOV) policies. 30-day visa free access is available for Hainan Province when arriving by air at Haikou or Sanya or by sea at designated sea ports. Hong Kong and Macau have separate immigration policies from the mainland.	√
Colombia	Visa not required	180 days	90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period	X
Comoros	Visa on arrival			X
Republic of the Congo	Visa required		Visa and invitation letters approved via tour operators only.	√
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Visa required			√
Costa Rica	Visa not required	90 days		X
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa	3 months	eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.	X
Croatia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Cuba	Tourist Card required	30 days	Visitors travelling to Cuba can purchase a tourist card at the Cuban embassy or nearest travel agent that sells authorized cards.	√
Cyprus	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Czech Republic	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Denmark	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except the other Nordic countries)	√
Djibouti	eVisa	31 days		X
Dominica	Visa not required	6 months		X
Dominican Republic	Visa not required	90 days		X
Ecuador	Visa not required	90 days		X
Egypt	eVisa / Visa on arrival	30 days		X
El Salvador	Visa not required	3 months		X
Equatorial Guinea	Visa required		Letter of invitation required.	√
Eritrea	Visa required		A tourist visa for Australian citizens is issued for a stay of 1 month from arrival to Eritrea.	√
Estonia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Eswatini	Visa not required	30 days		X
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival	up to 90 days	Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. eVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. eVisas are available for 30 or 90 days.	X
Fiji	Visa not required	4 months		X
Finland	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
France	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in metropolitan France, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Gabon	eVisa / Visa on arrival		Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.	X
Gambia	Visa not required	90 days		X
Georgia	Visa not required	1 year		X
Germany	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Ghana	Visa required			√
Greece	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Grenada	Visa not required	3 months	Beginning on 1 December 2020, all travellers to Grenada will be required to complete an online application in order to receive a Pure Safe Travel Authorization Certificate to enter Grenada.	X
Guatemala	Visa not required	90 days		X
Guinea	eVisa	90 days		X
Guinea-Bissau	eVisa / Visa on arrival	90 days		X
Guyana	Visa not required	3 months		X
Haiti	Visa not required	3 months		X
Honduras	Visa not required	3 months		X
Hungary	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Iceland	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
India	e-Visa	60 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports or 3 designated seaports. An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.	X
Indonesia	Visa not required	30 days		X
Iran	eVisa/Visa on arrival	30 days		X
Iraq	Visa on arrival	60 Days	Australian citizens can obtain a visa on arrival at Iraq’s airports, land and sea crossings for 60 days, for a fee of 75 US Dollar. Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Iraq.	√
Ireland	Visa not required	3 months		√
Israel	Visa not required	3 months	Entry refused to anyone who "knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel."	X
Italy	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Jamaica	Visa not required			X
Japan	Visa not required	90 days		√
Jordan	Visa on arrival		Conditions apply. Not available at all entry points.	X
Kazakhstan	Visa not required	30 days		X
Kenya	eVisa / Visa on arrival	3 months		X
Kiribati	Visa not required	120 days		X
North Korea	Visa required		Independent travellers must be accompanied by a tour guide at all times.	√
South Korea	Visa not required	90 days		√
Kuwait	eVisa / Visa on arrival	3 months		X
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required	60 days	A single or multiple tourist or business e-visa for 90 days is also available.	X
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival	30 days	Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge, and at 13 border crossings as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand. Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020. eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders. Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.	X
Latvia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Lebanon	Free visa on arrival	1 month	Visa extendible for 2 additional months Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.	X
Lesotho	Visa not required	14 days		X
Liberia	Visa required			√
Libya	Visa required		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Libya.	√
Liechtenstein	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Lithuania	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Luxembourg	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Madagascar	eVisa / Visa on arrival	90 days		X
Malawi	eVisa / Visa on arrival			X
Malaysia	Visa not required	3 months		√
Maldives	Free visa on arrival	30 days		X
Mali	Visa required		An average processing time for a tourist visa to Mali upon 3-15 working days is mandatory.	√
Malta	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Marshall Islands	Visa on arrival	90 days		X
Mauritania	Visa on arrival		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.	X
Mauritius	Visa not required	90 days		X
Mexico	Visa not required	180 days		X
Micronesia	Visa not required	30 days		X
Moldova	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Monaco	Visa not required			√
Mongolia	Visa required		Registration upon arrival for stays longer than 30 days is mandatory.	√
Montenegro	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Morocco	Visa not required	3 months		X
Mozambique	Visa on arrival	30 days	Conditions apply	X
Myanmar	eVisa / Free visa on arrival	28 days	eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. eVisa available for both tourism or business purposes.	X
Namibia	Visa not required	3 months		X
Nauru	Visa required		Criminal record and medical fitness certificates are not required for Australian citizens.	√
Nepal	Visa on arrival	90 days		X
Netherlands	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (European Netherlands)	√
New Zealand	Visa not required		Australian citizens traveling on an Australian passport may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival entitling the holder to live, work and study indefinitely (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements. May enter using eGate. Electronic Travel Authority not required. International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy not required.	√
Nicaragua	Visa not required	90 days		X
Niger	Visa required			√
Nigeria	Visa required		Visa not required for Nigerian-born citizens.	√
North Macedonia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Norway	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except other Nordic countries)	√
Oman	Visa not required	14 days	Australian citizens are also eligible for eVisas valid for 30 days.	X
Pakistan	Online Visa		Online Visa eligible. Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.	X
Palau	Free visa on arrival	30 days		X
Panama	Visa not required	180 days		X
Papua New Guinea	eVisa / Free visa on arrival	30 days	Available at Gurney Airport (Alotau), Mount Hagen Airport, Port Moresby Airport and Tokua Airport (Rabaul).	X
Paraguay	Visa on arrival	90 days	Only available at Silvio Pettirossi International Airport in Luque. Reciprocity fee applies.	X
Peru	Visa not required	183 days		X
Philippines	Visa not required	30 days		X
Poland	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Portugal	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Qatar	Visa not required	30 days		X
Romania	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	√
Russia	Visa required		Registration required after 2 business days.	√
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival	30 days		X
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required	3 months		X
Saint Lucia	Visa not required	6 weeks		X
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required	1 month		X
Samoa	Visa not required	60 days		X
San Marino	Visa not required			√
São Tomé and Príncipe	eVisa			X
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival	90 days		X
Senegal	Visa on arrival	90 days		X
Serbia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
Seychelles	Free Visitor's Permit on arrival	3 months		X
Sierra Leone	Visa on arrival			X
Singapore	Visa not required	90 days		√
Slovakia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Slovenia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Solomon Islands	Free Visitor's permit on arrival	3 months		X
Somalia	Visa on arrival		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Somalia.	X
South Africa	Visa not required	90 days		X
South Sudan	Electronic Visa		Obtainable online Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel	X
Spain	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries	√
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Visa on arrival	30 days		X
Sudan	Visa required		Visa not required for Sudanese-born citizens.	√
Suriname	eVisa			X
Sweden	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except other Nordic countries)	√
Switzerland	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area	√
Syria	Visa required		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Syria.	√
Tajikistan	Visa on arrival	45 days	At Dushanbe International Airport. Visa also available online. E-visa holders can enter through all border points.	X
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival	3 months		X
Thailand	Visa not required	30 days	Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.	X
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival	30 days	Not available at all entry points.	X
Togo	Visa on arrival	7 days		X
Tonga	Free visa on arrival	31 days		X
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa on arrival	30 days		X
Tunisia	Visa not required	3 months		X
Turkey	eVisa	3 months	Cruise ship passengers do not require a visa for up to 72 hours.	X
Turkmenistan	Visa required			√
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival	1 month		X
Uganda	eVisa / Visa on arrival		Determined at the port of entry. May apply online.	X
Ukraine	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period	X
United Arab Emirates	Free visa on arrival	30 days		X
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies	Visa not required	6 months	Can use ePassport gates starting 1 June 2019	√
United States	Visa Waiver Program	90 days	On arrival from overseas; ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship. ESTA is not required for Guam and Northern Mariana Islands.	√
Uruguay	Visa not required	3 months		X
Uzbekistan	Visa not required	30 days	Local registration is required on arrival	X
Vanuatu	Visa not required	30 days		X
Vatican City	Visa not required			√
Venezuela	Visa not required	90 days	Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Venezuela.	X
Vietnam	eVisa	30 days		X
Yemen	Visa required		Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Yemen.	√
Zambia	eVisa / Visa on arrival	90 days	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe. eVisa available.	X
Zimbabwe	eVisa / Visa on arrival	3 months	Strictly tourism purposes only. Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia. eVisa available.	X

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Unrecognized countries

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Abkhazia	Visa required
Kosovo	Visa not required	90 days
Northern Cyprus	Visa not required	3 months
Artsakh	Visa on arrival	Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.
Palestine	Visa not required	Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.
South Ossetia	Visa not required	Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.
Taiwan	Visa not required	90 days
Transnistria	Visa not required	Registration required after 24h.

Dependent and autonomous territories

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Hong Kong
Hong Kong	Visa not required	90 days
Macau
Macau	Visa not required	30 days
Denmark
Faroe Islands	Visa not required
Greenland	Visa not required
France
French Guiana	Visa not required	3 months
French Polynesia	Visa not required	90 days within 180 days
French West Indies	Visa not required	Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
Mayotte	Visa not required	3 months
New Caledonia	Visa not required	3 months
Réunion	Visa not required	3 months
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Visa not required	3 months
Wallis and Futuna	Visa not required	3 months
Netherlands
Aruba	Visa not required	30 days, extendable to 180 days
Caribbean Netherlands	Visa not required	90 days. Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
Curaçao	Visa not required	90 days
Sint Maarten	Visa not required	90 days
New Zealand
Cook Islands	Visa not required	31 days
Niue	Visa not required	30 days
Tokelau	Visa required
United Kingdom
Akrotiri and Dhekelia	Visa not required	Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.
Anguilla	Visa not required	3 months
Bermuda	Visa not required	Up to 6 months, decided on arriva
British Indian Ocean Territory	Special permit required	Special permit required.
British Virgin Islands	Visa not required	30 days, extensions possible
Cayman Islands	Visa not required	6 months
Falkland Islands	Visa not required
Gibraltar	Visa not required
Montserrat	Visa not required	6 months
Pitcairn Islands	Visa not required	14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.
Ascension Island	eVisa	3 months within any year period
Saint Helena	Visitor's Pass required	Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.
Tristan da Cunha	Permission required	Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Permit required	Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).
Turks and Caicos Islands	Visa not required	90 days
United States
American Samoa	Electronic authorization	30 days
Guam	Visa not required	45 days
Northern Mariana Islands	Visa not required	45 days
Puerto Rico	Visa not required	Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
U.S. Virgin Islands	Visa not required	Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for Bouvet Island, British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.

Other territories

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Brest and Grodno	Visa not required	Visa-free for 10 days
China Hainan	Visa on arrival	15 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport. Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)
China Tibet Autonomous Region	TTP required	Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).
Crimea	Visa required	Visa issued by Russia is required.
Ecuador Galápagos	Pre-registration required	Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.
Eritrea outside Asmara	Travel permit required	To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).
Greece Mount Athos	Special permit required	Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.
India PAP/RAP	PAP/RAP required	Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.
Iran Kish Island	Visa not required	Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.
Iraqi Kurdistan	Visa on arrival	Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.
Fiji Lau Province	Special permission required	Special permission required.
France Clipperton Island	Special permit required	Special permit required.
Kazakhstan	Special permission required	Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.
North Korea outside Pyongyang	Special permit required	People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak	Visa not required	These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.
Maldives outside Malé	Permission required	With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.
Norway Jan Mayen	Permit required	Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.
Svalbard of Norway	Visa not Required	Right to live and work under the Svalbard Treaty.
Novorossiya	Restricted area	Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.
Russia	Special authorization required	Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.
Sudan outside Khartoum	Travel permit required	All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur	Travel permit required	Separate travel permit is required.
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province	OIVR permit required	OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	Access Permit required	Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone.
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Special permits required	Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.
Venezuela Margarita Island	Visa not required	All visitors are fingerprinted.
Vietnam Phú Quốc	Visa not required	30 days
Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden	Special permission required	Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.

Reciprocity issues

Some countries regard Australia's requirement for obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) prior to travel as being equivalent to offering visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory. The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders, and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes". However, the United States has required from January 2009 a similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called a visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorization, therefore the USA still allows visa-free travel for Australians. As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians. Other ETA eligible countries and territories including Canada, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea (90 days) and Taiwan (90 days) also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30-day visa on arrival.

Additional rules

Visa exemptions for Schengen states

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than three months (but no more than three months in any individual member state)

The Australian Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow Australian citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement, the European Commission has confirmed that in practice if Australians visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with Australia, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement. However, amendments are under consideration to restrict exit from the Schengen area only through the territory of the Member State which is a Contracting Party to the bilateral agreement and the authorities of which have extended the stay.

Australia has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:

Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Spain Norway Sweden

Consequently, Australian citizens can visit the above Schengen member states visa-free for periods of up to three months in each country. If, however, an Australian citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than three months out of a six-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if an Australian citizen has already spent three months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with Australia may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of up to three months

Main article: Visa policy in the European Union

Australian citizens are classified as 'Annex II' foreign nationals, and so are permitted to stay visa-free in the 26 member states of the Schengen Area as a whole — rather than each country individually — for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months.

During the visa exemption period, Australian citizens are permitted to work in Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden. In addition, Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for up to 90 days can do so without a visa as long as the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than 3 months (and more than 3 months in an individual member state)

In general, any person who is not a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss citizen and who wishes to stay in a Schengen member state for more than 3 months is required to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit. Australian citizens aged 18–30 (or 18–35 in some cases) are able to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit from some Schengen member states on the basis of a working holiday (see below). Schengen member states also issue national long-stay 'D' visas and residence permits for other reasons to those fulfilling criteria laid out in their national immigration policies (e.g. skilled workers, students, au pair).

In general, the national long-stay 'D' visa/residence permit needs to be obtained in advance through the member state's embassy/consulate. However, some Schengen member states offer exceptions for Australian citizens.

Austria allows Australian citizens to enter the country without a visa and to apply for a temporary residence permit or a 'Red-White-Red Card' (issued to permanent immigrants) after arrival, rather than in advance through an Austrian embassy/consulate.

The Czech Republic allows Australian citizens to apply for a work visa under a special scheme known as a 'Green Card' (rather than a 'Blue Card' or work permit which is required by most non-EU citizens). The application for a Green Card can be lodged at any Czech embassy/consulate (or, in some circumstances, within the Czech Republic if the applicant is already resident there) and is usually processed within 60 days. Note that 'Green Cards' are no longer issued after 24 June 2014.

Germany permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to enter without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).

Estonia permits Australian citizens to stay and work in Estonia for more than 90 days but less than 6 months as long as they obtain a category 'D' long-stay visa at a cost of €80 in advance at an Estonian foreign mission after the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'. Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for more than 6 months can apply for a temporary residence permit for employment after arrival in the country.

Hungary allows Australian citizens who wish to stay for more than 90 days in the country to apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).

Latvia permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months as self-employed persons or as businesspersons to enter Latvia without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many non-EEA and Swiss citizens, an application for a residence permit must be lodged in advance at a Latvian foreign mission).

Netherlands exempts Australian citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays in The Netherlands of over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180-day period.

Norway permits Australian citizens who have qualifications as a skilled worker to stay in the country without a visa for up to 6 months to seek employment as a skilled worker or a specialist (except as a religious leader/teacher or an ethnic cook), as long as they register with the police within 3 months of arriving in Norway.

Visa exemptions and requirements for the United Kingdom

Australian citizens are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from the Republic of Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:

• they do not work during their stay in the UK
• they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
• they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
• they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
• they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel Area
• if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK

However, even though, strictly speaking, they are not required to apply for a visa if they satisfy all of the above criteria, an Australian citizen who falls into any of the following categories has been strongly advised by the UK Border Agency (replaced by UK Visas and Immigration) to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK if they:

• have any unspent criminal convictions in any country
• have previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
• have previously applied for a visa and been refused one
• have been warned by a UK official that they should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK

Australian citizens who were born before 1983 and qualify for the right of abode are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.

Australian citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time or in the Republic of Ireland on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance, which enables them to work in the UK for five years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.

Australian citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday in the UK for two years.

Visa exemption for New Zealand

By virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, Australian citizens are exempt from the requirement to hold a permit on arrival in New Zealand and may reside or work for an indefinite period as long as:

• they present a valid Australian passport OR hold a foreign passport showing their Australian Citizen Endorsement or Australian Citizen Declaratory Visa (either with a label or a confirmation letter) as evidence of their Australian citizenship
• they have no criminal convictions
• they have no untreated tuberculosis
• they have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country

Travel ban

It is an offence for Australians to travel or remain in Declared Areas. Those are currently parts of northern Iraq and parts of northern Syria.

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme

  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:

Brunei1 Chile1 China2 Hong Kong2 Indonesia2 Japan1 South Korea1 Malaysia2 Mexico1

New Zealand1 Papua New Guinea2 Peru1 Philippines3 Russia1 Singapore2 Taiwan1 Thailand1 Vietnam2

_{1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days}

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:

• no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
• undertake legitimate business in participating economies
• expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
• expedited scheduling of visa interview (USA)

Consular protection of Australian citizens abroad

Diplomatic missions of Australia

There are currently over 100 Australian missions overseas.

In some countries Australians may also receive consular assistance from Canadian missions under the Canada–Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement.

See also: List of diplomatic missions of Australia

Foreign travel statistics

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Australian visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):

Foreign travel statistics
Destination	Number of Australian visitors
American Samoa	775
Angola	702
Antarctica	4,488
Antigua and Barbuda	761
Austria	143,000
Azerbaijan	1,851
Bahamas	3,858
Barbados	2,301
Belgium	43,276
Bhutan	2,249
Bolivia	11,044
Bosnia and Herzegovina	8,632
Botswana	15,607
Brazil	33,862
Brunei	18,845
Cambodia	146,806
Canada	392,364
Cayman Islands	1,303
Chile	50,968
China	673,200
Colombia	13,356
Congo	69
Cook Islands	25,912
Costa Rica	12,320
Croatia	186,323
Cyprus	14,655
Dominica	437
Dominican Republic	2,723
Ecuador	13,686
Estonia	7,431
Fiji	365,689
Finland	26,959
France	1,266,509
French Polynesia	7,363
Georgia	4,611
Germany	314,014
Greece	183,165
Guatemala	17,206
Guam	2,255
Hong Kong	567,881
Hungary	41,231
Indonesia	1,302,291
India	324,243
Israel	39,900
Italy	884,000
Jamaica	2,574
Japan	495,100
Jordan	21,857
Kazakhstan	4,225
Kiribati	1,097
Kyrgyzstan	2,500
Laos	20,886
Latvia	7,421
Lebanon	72,743
Luxembourg	3,525
Macau	88,988
Macedonia	5,557
Madagascar	1,098
Malaysia	351,232
Malawi	10,250
Maldives	27,360
Mali	860
Malta	35,875
Marshall Islands	234
Mauritius	21,271
Mexico	84,225
Micronesia	942
Mongolia	6,689
Montenegro	6,103
Myanmar	34,010
Namibia	7,888
Nauru	2,171
Nepal	18,619
Netherlands	188,000
New Caledonia	23,705
New Zealand	1,472,160
Niue	951
Oman	17,441
Pakistan	13,200
Palau	661
Panama	4,349
Papua New Guinea	70,112
Peru	41,810
Philippines	259,433
Qatar	42,765
Romania	16,978
Russia	49,259
Samoa	32,431
Serbia	13,559
Seychelles	1,661
Singapore	1,081,987
Slovakia	7,888
Slovenia	34,205
Solomon Islands	10,161
South Africa	99,205
South Korea	150,408
Sri Lanka	81,281
Suriname	453
Swaziland	3,132
Taiwan	107,157
Tanzania	15,356
Tonga	12,924
Thailand	817,091
Timor-Leste	15,186
Turkey	77,153
Tuvalu	320
Uganda	7,842
Ukraine	5,743
United Arab Emirates	279,000
United Kingdom	831,000
United States	1,576,901
Vanuatu	57,384
Vietnam	370,438
Zambia	12,363
Zimbabwe	22,016

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages. Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel and International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.

An increasing number of countries have been imposing additional COVID-19 related health restrictions such as quarantine measures and testing requirements. Many countries will increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers when deciding to allow them entry or not or require them to quarantine since recently published research shows that the Pfizer vaccine effect lasts for six months or so.

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru. Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives and South Africa.

Other countries, such as Japan, Ireland and the United Kingdom, require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

A very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a passport valid on arrival.

Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States, routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Main articles: Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan, Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, Armenian citizens and other foreign nationals of Armenian descent are likely to encounter difficulties when attempting to enter the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae". As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan, Argentina, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Japan, Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken), Malaysia upon entry and departure, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Uganda and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature), intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.

See also

• Visa policy of Australia
• Australian passport